transmission line efficiency is influenced by several critical factors:

• Conductor Properties: The material (e.g., copper or aluminum), cross-sectional area, and length of the conductors directly impact resistance. Using low-resistivity materials and larger cross-sections can significantly reduce losses.

• Voltage Level: Higher transmission voltages allow the same amount of power to be transmitted with a lower current, dramatically reducing I2R losses. This is why high-voltage lines are used for long-distance power transfer.

• Power Factor: A power factor close to unity (1) indicates that most of the current is being used to do real work, minimizing the reactive power component. A poor power factor increases the total current flowing through the line, leading to higher losses.

• Environmental and Weather Conditions: Factors like temperature can affect conductor resistance, while extreme weather can cause physical damage and outages.